The first degree of craft tutorial wascrafts study is known as apprenticeship. Historically, crafts were taught mostly to children coming from villages/peasants’village families, …or sons (what about daughters in textiles??) of masters wishing to continue the family tradition. Upon successful completion of the apprenticeship the master issued the a certificate of apprentice’sattesting to the apprentice’s accomplishment conduc and t, skill achieved and the period spent at work. In order to transfer to another degree* the apprentice had to pass themust pass a kind of exam.

* there are three degrees known with usin the Balkans : shegrt (means>apprentice), kalfa (medium degree, is there equivalent in the US equivalent to an associate?) and master.